Final regulations relating to the low-income housing tax credit revise and clarify requirements that low-income housing agencies must follow when conducting physical inspections of low-income units and reviewing low-income certifications and other documentation. The regulations finalize previously issued temporary regulations (T.D. 9753, February 25, 2016).

Final regulations relating to the low-income housing tax credit revise and clarify requirements that low-income housing agencies must follow when conducting physical inspections of low-income units and reviewing low-income certifications and other documentation. The regulations finalize previously issued temporary regulations (T.D. 9753, February 25, 2016).

Sample Inspection Size

The final regulations require the agency to inspect no fewer units than the number specified in the "Low-Income Housing Credit Minimum Unit Sample Size Reference Chart." The reference chart can be found in Rev. Proc. 2016-15, I.R.B. 2016-11, 435, and is borrowed from the U.S. Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Real Estate Assessment Center Protocol (the REAC protocol). Previously, an agency was permitted to inspect 20 percent of the low-income housing units in the project if this was lesser than the number required by the reference chart. This change addresses a concern that limiting physical inspections to 20 percent of units in small projects is not sufficient to ensure overall compliance with habitability and low-income requirements.

All-Buildings Requirement

No change is made to the requirement that an agency must inspect all buildings in a low-income housing project by the end of the second calendar year after the year in which the last building in the project is placed in service unless a project inspection is conducted under the REAC protocol. Suggestions that the IRS dispense with the all-buildings requirement for agencies not using the REAC protocol were not adopted.

Reasonable Notice Time Frame Shortened

A building owner and tenants are allowed a maximum 15 day advance notice that a project will be inspected. The temporary regulations allowed a 30-day notice period. The particular units to be inspected may only be identified on the day of the inspection. The 15 day advance notice limit will also apply to reviews of low-income certifications.

Amendment of Agency’s Qualified Allocation Plan

The final regulations are effective on February 26, 2019. However, an agency only needs to amend it qualified allocation plan by December 31, 2020, to reflect the requirements in the final regulations.

Rev. Proc. 2016-15 is obsolete with respect to an agency as of the date that on which the agency amends its qualified allocation plan.

The Senate’s top Democratic tax writer is calling on the IRS and Treasury to further waive underpayment penalties for the 2018 tax year. Nearly 30 million taxpayers are expected to have underpaid taxes last year, according to the Government Accountability Office (GAO).

The Senate’s top Democratic tax writer is calling on the IRS and Treasury to further waive underpayment penalties for the 2018 tax year. Nearly 30 million taxpayers are expected to have underpaid taxes last year, according to the Government Accountability Office (GAO).

Underpayment Penalty

The IRS announced in IRS News Release IR-2019-3 that it would waive the underpayment penalty for any taxpayer who paid at least 85 percent of their total tax liability during the 2018 tax year. The usual threshold is 90 percent. However, Senate Finance Committee (SFC) ranking member Ron Wyden, D-Ore., has said that the IRS should "do more."

"Instead of penalizing those who paid less than 90 percent of what they owed in 2018, now they’re penalizing those who paid less than 85 percent," Wyden said on February 7 from the Senate floor. "That was one small step in the right direction," he added.

Before the IRS’s news release, Wyden wrote to Treasury and the IRS urging the waiver of underpayment penalties for withholding errors related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) ( P.L. 115-97). Although the IRS did lower the penalty threshold for the 2018 tax year, Wyden stated on February 7 that "nobody should be penalized for the Trump administration’s mistakes on tax withholding."

Democrats are largely opposed to the TCJA as a whole, and claim that Republicans’ tax code overhaul was rushed. Thus, significant tax withholding errors and underpayments are expected to be incurred. "Change the penalty thresholds. Extend safe harbors. Whatever needs to happen," Wyden said.

Additionally, several Republicans have also voiced their concern about the expected increase in underpayment related to withholding. SFC Chairman Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, recently urged the IRS to be "lenient" on underpayment penalties for 2018, as it is the first tax year since tax reform implementation.

AICPA

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) has likewise urged Treasury and the IRS to provide more extensive penalty relief. "The substantial uncertainty surrounding the implementation of the TCJA and the updated federal tax withholding tables presented a challenge for many taxpayers in understanding and accounting for their tax liability," Annette Nellen, chair of the AICPA’s Tax Executive Committee said in a recent letter to Treasury and the IRS. The AICPA has recommended an 80 percent threshold for the underpayment penalty waiver.

Senators have introduced a bipartisan bill specifically tailored to reduce excise taxes and regulations for the U.S. craft beverage industry. The bill aims to promote job creation and permanently reduce certain taxes and compliance burdens.

Senators have introduced a bipartisan bill specifically tailored to reduce excise taxes and regulations for the U.S. craft beverage industry. The bill aims to promote job creation and permanently reduce certain taxes and compliance burdens.

Craft Beverage Tax Reform

The Craft Beverage Modernization and Tax Reform Bill of 2019 was introduced on February 6 by Senate Finance Committee (SFC) ranking member Ron Wyden, D-Ore., and Sen. Roy Blunt, R-Mo.

"By modernizing burdensome rules and taxes for craft beverage producers, this legislation will level the playing field and allow these innovators to further grow and thrive," Wyden said in a press release. The comprehensive measure is supported by the entire craft beverage industry, according to a summary of the bill.

Generally, the Craft Beverage Modernization and Tax Reform Bill of 2019 would implement the following provisions:

For Brewers:

• Reduce excise taxes to provide more cash flow to reinvest in personal business growth.
• Simplify rules for ingredient approval and brewery collaboration.

For Vintners:

• Expand the wine producer tax credit.
• Expand allowances for tax purposes on carbonation and alcohol content for certain wines.

For Distillers:

• Establish reduced excise taxes for small craft distilleries.
• Reduce restrictions on tax-free transfers of spirits between distillers.

The bill would also exempt beverage producers from certain capitalization rules for aged products.

"The craft beverage industry is driven by small businesses that support thousands of jobs and contribute billions in economic output," Blunt said in the press release.

As of February 6, the bill has 10 bipartisan cosponsors.

The IRS’s proposed 50-percent gross income locational rule on the active conduct of Opportunity Zone businesses is garnering criticism from stakeholders and lawmakers alike. The IRS released proposed regulations, NPRM REG-115420-18, for tax reform’s Opportunity Zone program last October.

The IRS’s proposed 50-percent gross income locational rule on the active conduct of Opportunity Zone businesses is garnering criticism from stakeholders and lawmakers alike. The IRS released proposed regulations, NPRM REG-115420-18, for tax reform’s Opportunity Zone program last October.

50-Percent Locational Rule

Many stakeholders have urged the IRS to reconsider its proposed rule requiring that at least 50-percent of gross income of a Qualified Opportunity Zone (QOZ) business is derived from the active conduct of a trade or business within the QOZ. The IRS heard from several of these stakeholders at a full house public hearing on the proposed regulations held last week at IRS headquarters in Washington, D.C.

"[W]e’re concerned that manufacturing businesses, e-commerce enterprises, and others that have the potential to spur significant economic activity could be excluded inadvertently because of this rule," Stefan Pryor, Rhode Island Secretary of Commerce said at the hearing. Additionally, other stakeholders commented that the proposed rule would go against congressional intent.

Comment. There is no locational-related rule for gross income of QOZ businesses included in the law’s statutory language. However, the statutory language does provide a tangible property test to ensure qualifying businesses are predominantly located within the QOZ.

QOZ Business Congressional Intent

To that end, the bipartisan, bicameral tax writers who drafted the original QOZ bill language, too, have urged the IRS to remove the 50-percent gross income locational requirement.

The Opportunity Zone program was enacted under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ( P.L. 115-97) in 2017. The program is housed under new Code Secs. 1400Z-1 and 1400Z-2. Although not a single Democrat voted for the TCJA, the Opportunity Zone program was based on a bicameral measure sponsored by a group of bipartisan tax writers.

"Since many businesses derive income from the sale of goods and services outside of a single census tract, this would significantly limit the ability for local operating businesses to qualify for Opportunity Fund investment, contrary to congressional intent," the lawmakers wrote in a recent letter to Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin. "Even for those businesses who might qualify under this rule, it would impose immense new administrative burdens to track and report the location of each source of business income," they added.

Second Round of Proposed Regulations

Currently, the IRS is working on a second batch of proposed regulations for Opportunity Zones. Those proposed rules "hopefully will see the light of day shortly," Scott Dinwiddie, an IRS official in the Income Tax and Accounting division said at last week’s hearing.

The IRS has said that it is postponing its plan to discontinue faxing taxpayer transcripts. The IRS statement came on the heels of a letter sent earlier this week from bipartisan leaders of the Senate Finance Committee urging such a delay.

The IRS has said that it is postponing its plan to discontinue faxing taxpayer transcripts. The IRS statement came on the heels of a letter sent earlier this week from bipartisan leaders of the Senate Finance Committee urging such a delay.

IRS Cybersecurity

The IRS announced in IRS News Release IR-2018-256 last December that it would stop its tax transcript faxing service for individuals and businesses on February 4, 2019. The IRS cited to reasons of taxpayer security for the change in procedure. To that end, ceasing the IRS’s transcript faxing service would better prohibit cybercriminals from obtaining taxpayer data, according to the IRS.

Grassley, Wyden Urge Delay

SFC Chairman Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, and ranking member Ron Wyden, D-Ore., sent IRS Commissioner Charles Rettig a letter earlier this week expressing concern with the IRS’s original timeline for discontinuing the tax transcript faxing service. The bipartisan leaders did not ask the IRS to eliminate its plan to discontinue the particular service. However, they did encourage the IRS to extend the date of discontinuation for the sake of taxpayers and practitioners in light of the recent partial government shutdown, which included the IRS.

"[W]e encourage the IRS to delay its planned discontinuation of faxing taxpayer information until such time that the agency can reasonably resolve the legitimate concerns of the tax-practitioner community about alternatives to the IRS faxing taxpayer information," Grassley and Wyden wrote. "Of course, such a delay should not compromise the security or privacy of taxpayer information."

IRS Extends Transcript Faxing Service

The IRS’s Wage & Investment Division issued a January 30 statement stating that the IRS will extend its transcript faxing service beyond February 4. Additionally, the IRS said it is reviewing options for a new timeline and will provide taxpayers and practitioners advance notice of the new date.

As 2013 draws closer, news reports about “taxmageddon” and “taxpocalypse,” describing expiration of the Bush-era tax cuts, are proliferating. Many taxpayers are asking what they can do to prepare. The answer is to prepare early. September may seem too early to be discussing year-end tax planning, but the uncertainty over the Bush-era tax cuts, incentives for businesses, and much more, requires proactive strategizing. Ultimately, the fate of these tax incentives will be resolved; until then, taxpayers need to be flexible in their year-end tax planning.

As 2013 draws closer, news reports about “taxmageddon” and “taxpocalypse,” describing expiration of the Bush-era tax cuts, are proliferating. Many taxpayers are asking what they can do to prepare. The answer is to prepare early. September may seem too early to be discussing year-end tax planning, but the uncertainty over the Bush-era tax cuts, incentives for businesses, and much more, requires proactive strategizing. Ultimately, the fate of these tax incentives will be resolved; until then, taxpayers need to be flexible in their year-end tax planning.

Individuals

In less than three months, the individual income tax rates are scheduled without further action to automatically increase across-the-board, with the highest rate jumping from 35 percent to 39.6 percent. Additionally, the current tax-favorable capital gains and dividends tax rates are scheduled to expire. Higher income taxpayers will also be subject to revived limitations on itemized deductions and their personal exemptions. The child tax credit, one of the most popular incentives in the tax code, will be cut in half. Millions of taxpayers are predicted to be liable for the alternative minimum tax (AMT) because of expiration of the AMT “patch.” Countless other incentives for individuals will either disappear or be substantially reduced after 2012.

In July, the House and Senate passed competing bills to extend many of these expiring incentives one more year (through 2013). No further action is expected on these bills until after the November elections. However, they do signal a highly probable temporary solution to the fate of the Bush-era tax cuts. Regardless of which party wins the White House and Congress, the probability of a one-year extension of the Bush-era tax cuts appears high.

Along with expiration of the Bush-era tax cuts, the two percent payroll tax holiday for 2012 is scheduled to expire. For individuals with income at or above the Social Security wage base for 2012 ($110,100), the payroll tax holiday represented a $2,202 savings. Unlike the Bush-era tax cuts, an extension of the payroll tax holiday is unlikely.

Putting aside the Bush-era tax cuts and the payroll tax holiday for a moment, two new taxes are scheduled to take effect after 2012: an additional 0.9 percent Medicare tax on wages and self-employment income and a 3.8 percent Medicare contribution tax on unearned income. Both new taxes are targeted to individuals with incomes over $200,000 (families with incomes over $250,000). One important misconception about the 3.8 percent Medicare tax is that it is a direct real estate tax. Taxpayers that dispose of real estate may be exempt from the tax either because of income limitations or because of an exclusion provided for primary residence home sales. However, certain high-end homes may feel the sting of the 3.8 percent tax on some or all of the gain realized. Despite some rumblings in the GOP-controlled House, it is unlikely the new Medicare taxes will be repealed before 2013.

All these provisions can be seen as the perfect storm. Year-end tax planning takes on new urgency because of the uncertainty. Some variations on traditional year-end planning techniques may be valuable. Instead of shifting income into a future year, taxpayers may want to recognize income in 2012, when lower tax rates are available, rather than shift income to 2013. The same strategy may apply to recognizing income from capital gains and dividends. Another valuable year-end strategy is to “run the numbers” for regular tax liability and AMT liability. Taxpayers may want to explore if certain deductions should be more evenly divided between 2012 and 2013, and which deductions may qualify, or will not be as valuable, for AMT purposes. Additionally, keep in mind the new Medicare taxes and how they will impact investments and possibly home sales.

Estate tax planning is also in flux. Under current law, the maximum estate tax rate is 35 percent with an applicable exclusion amount of $5 million (indexed for inflation) for decedents dying before January 1, 2013. Unless Congress acts, the estate tax will revert to its less generous pre-2001 rates. Gift and generation-skipping transfer (GST) taxes also will revert to their pre-2001 rates.

Businesses

Businesses are also confronted with uncertainty in tax planning as 2012 ends. Special incentives, such as bonus depreciation, enhanced Code Sec. 179 expensing and a host of business tax extenders, may be unavailable after 2012.

Under current law, 50-percent bonus depreciation applies to qualified property acquired and placed in service after December 31, 2011 and before January 1, 2013 (January 1, 2014 for certain property). For tax years beginning in 2012, the Code Sec, 179 expensing dollar limitation is $139,000 and the investment ceiling is $560,000 for tax years beginning in 2012. After 2012, 50-percent bonus depreciation is scheduled to expire (except for certain property) and the Code Sec. 179 expensing dollar limitation will drop to $25,000 with a $200,000 investment ceiling.

Enhanced Code Sec. 179 expensing is a good candidate for extension after 2012, but at less generous amounts. In July, the Senate approved a Code Sec. 179 dollar amount of $250,000 and an $800,000 investment limitation for tax years beginning after December 31, 2012. The House approved a Code Sec. 179 dollar amount of $100,000 and a $400,000 investment limitation after 2012.

The list of expired business tax extenders is long. The expired incentives include the research tax credit, special expensing for film and television productions, the employer wage credit for military reservists, and many more. A host of related energy incentives have also expired and are awaiting renewal. Unlike past years, Congress is not expected to routinely extend all of the expired provisions. The more widely utilized incentives are likely to be extended; some lesser used incentives may not.

Businesses do have some good news in year-end planning. Temporary “repair” regulations issued in late 2011 include a valuable de minimis rule, which could enable taxpayers to expense otherwise capitalized tangible property. Qualified taxpayers may claim a current deduction for the cost of acquiring items of relatively low-cost property, including materials and supplies, if specific requirements are met. The aggregate cost which may be expensed annually under a taxpayer’s expensing policy is subject to a ceiling equal to the greater of 0.1 percent of gross receipts or two percent of total depreciation and amortization reported on the financial statement.

Businesses should also explore the Code Sec. 199 domestic production activities deduction. This deduction, unlike many other incentives, is permanent and will not expire after 2012. The deduction allows qualified taxpayers to deduct an amount equal to the lesser of a phased-in percentage of taxable income (adjusted gross income for individuals) or qualified production activities income. A taxpayer’s Code Sec. 199 deduction cannot exceed one-half (50 percent) of the W-2 wages paid by the taxpayer during the year.

Sequestration

The fate of the Bush-era tax cuts and the other incentives is linked to sequestration. The Budget Control Act of 2011 imposes across-the-board spending cuts starting in 2013. Many lawmakers want to postpone or repeal the spending cuts but savings must be recouped somehow. Several energy tax incentives, especially for oil and gas producers, have been viewed as likely candidates for elimination to offset repeal of the Budget Control Act.

Please contact our office if you have any questions about the incentives we discussed and how you can develop a year-end tax plan that responds to the current climate of uncertainty.